Health and water in remote Indigenous communities

by The University of Queensland

(Academia)

img

A scan of the current status of water, sanitation and hygiene services and challenges in remote Australian Indigenous communities identified challenges and options for stakeholders to respond to these challenges.

Project implemented: July 2017

Project goal

To understand the status of SDG6 in remote Australia- in order to meet the targets.

delivering on

why is this project important?

The population living in remote, discrete Indigenous communities in 2011 was approximately 116,000 in 2011. The 2016 Overcoming Indigenous Disadvantage report identified that health outcomes for remote Indigenous communities were compromised by a range of environmental health factors within homes and communities. Water, sanitation and hygiene challenges such as poor water quality, limited access to safely managed water, hygiene status and marginal living conditions, have been seen as contributing to these continuing health disparities.

A discussion paper from The University of Queensland and WaterAid (http://gci.uq.edu.au/filething/get/13903/UQ_WASH%20scan%20in%20Indig%20Communities-FINAL-LR-2.pdf) presents a scan of the current status of water, sanitation and hygiene services and challenges in remote Australian Indigenous communities. It was conducted to make explicit the challenges requiring attention and to propose questions to stimulate discussion as to how various stakeholders can respond to these challenges. It was guided by examples of initiatives that have improved WASH services and behaviours.

The results outlined in this report can be summarised as:

  • The status of drinking water was influenced by adherence to Australian Drinking Water Guidelines, which was more likely in areas where centralised utilities operated across the whole state or territory. However, contamination of drinking water remains a risk where monitoring regimes are not rigorous and consistent. The use of bore water is problematic as it may contain naturally high levels of microbial and chemical contaminants. This can also make the water unpalatable, and cause a preference for sugared drinks.
  • The status of sanitation (wastewater treatment) has improved with the increasing installation of centralised wastewater treatment replacing onsite septic tanks. These systems are effectively managed by centralised utilities that have increased service level, decreased response times for repair, and subsidised costs. Where implemented, the approach of ‘fit for purpose, fit for place’ has resulted in wastewater treatment options being technologically, socially and environmentally appropriate. Despite these improvements, concerns remain regarding self-certification of wastewater installations in the NT, irregular wastewater output monitoring regimes, incompatible items flushed down toilets, and high turnover of wastewater management staff in communities. An additional sanitation issue is waste management, where increased availability of waste bins and the regular emptying and cleaning of bins could improve sanitation levels.
  • The status of hygiene and related health issues is the area of greatest need for dedicated programs and funding– especially as chronic infections in early childhood are often linked to vulnerability to other diseases in later life. Significant overcrowding (e.g. 20 residents in a 3 bedroom house) limits the ability of individuals to maintain personal and environmental (clothing, bedding and infrastructure) hygienic conditions, which can negatively affect their health. Some girls are missing school each month– potentially due to a lack of knowledge and products for menstrual hygiene management. Australia is the only high-income country that still has endemic cases of trachoma, a preventable eye infection.

A range of effective contributions have enhanced the status of water, sanitation and hygiene. This includes ongoing programs to fund long-term and well-maintained water and wastewater treatment services; to repair and upgrade health infrastructure in communities; to build new housing in communities with insufficient accommodation; and to ensure functioning hardware in homes to enable effective washing and cleaning.

related projects

Applying SDGs – Determining Socio-Economic Indicators ... by Office of the Commissioner for Environmental Sustainability, Victoria
Applying SDGs – Determining Socio-Economic Indicators ... by Office of the Commissioner for Environmental Sustainability, Victoria
Anti-Racism: It Stops with me campaign by Australian Human Rights Commission
Renewable Energy in the Water Industry by Water Services Association of Australia (WSAA)
#SeaToSource by Conservation Volunteers Australia
Business & Sustainability Forum Series by United Nations Association of Australia (WA)
Cooling the planet to feed the World by PundaZoie Company Pty. Ltd.
Global goals for local communities by Water Services Association of Australia (WSAA)
Thriving Communities Partnership by Thriving Communities Partnership
Fair food farm by Green Connect
Feeding the Performance of Regional Communities by International Convention Centre Sydney
Financial Inclusion Action Plan by Good Shepherd Microfinance
ChildFund Pass It Back by ChildFund Australia
Economic independence on traditional land by Indigenous Business Australia
Northconnex by Transurban
LiveGAPS by CSIRO
Promoting the Advancement of Women Everywhere by Konica Minolta Business Solutions Australia Pty Ltd
The Victorian Salt Reduction Partnership by The George Institute for Global Health
Wanzauni Livelihoods Improvement Project by Anglican Board of Mission
Fighting hunger in australia by Foodbank Australia
E.S. P. Wool production by Kia Ora Merino
Delivering sustainable development through infrastructure by Infrastructure Sustainability Council of Australia (ISCA)
The ocean, our future: an Ocean Decade program by Australian National Maritime Museum
Willing to Work by Australian Human rights Commission
SDG National Forum by Fatouma TOURE
The Individual Deprivation Measure Global Program by Individual Deprivation Measure
Day At The Zoo by City West Water
Barangaroo South by Lendlease
SDG Toolkit for Systems Thinking and Collaborative Approache... by Australian Council for International Development
creating the capacity for people to invest space with meanin... by Place Agency at the University of Melbourne
It’s Our Place – Bellambi by Australian Social Investment Trust
International Legal Training Program by McCabe Centre for Law and Cancer
We’re all in this Together by Healthy Cities Illawarra (HCI) and University of Wollongong (UOW)
Strengthening the Effectiveness and Extent of Medical Physic... by Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)
Green Star – Communities by Green Building Council of Australia
Addressing the social determinants of injury by The George Institute for Global Health
Sustainable Fashion by Restyle Closet
Vision Initiative by Vision 2020 Australia
ANZ SDG Bond by Australia New Zealand Banking Group Ltd (ANZ)
Achieving gender balance in water utilities by Water Services Association of Australia (WSAA)
Green Star by Green Building Council of Australia
Blue by Blue The Film
Strong Women. Strong Business by Indigenous Business Australia
Spatial data infrastructure to help monitor and evaluate Aus... by AURIN – Australian Urban Research Infrastructure Network
Australian Marine Debris Initiative by Tangaroa Blue Foundation
Transforming Australia: SDG Progress Report by National Sustainable Development Council
Adult literacy schools in PNG by Anglican Board of Mission

Does your organisation have a project to include?